Processing of metcury ores
Separated from the mercury-containing ores and minerals mercury enrichment process. Mineral processing products include mercury concentrate and cinnabar. Mercury concentrates are sent to smelters to extract mercury; cinnabar is a processed and purified mercury sulfide mineral sold directly as a product.
Mineral resources and mineral nature of mercury are about 20 species of industrial minerals significance of mercury is cinnabar, followed by natural mercury, cinnabar black, sulfur, mercury and antimony ore, etc. (see table). Mercury ore with a single type of industrial mercury ores, mercury, antimony ores, molybdenum mercury uranium ore, zinc ores, mercury and lead, mercury, copper ore, gold ore mercury, mercury polymetallic ores.
Mercury is a famous mineral in China, and China's mercury resources rank first in Asia. Guizhou is the main producer of mercury mines in China, followed by Hunan and Guangxi. Most of China's mercury mines are lean ore, mainly underground mining, with a small scale and 1/3 of symbiotic mines. The world's important mercury-producing countries are Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Canada, the United States, Mexico, Algeria, and Turkey. Many mercury mines are large in scale and high in grade, mostly open-pit mining.
The process was first smelted directly with a single mercury sulfide ore. In recent years, due to the decline of ore grade, the nature of ore has become complicated, and the requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection have increased, and mercury ore beneficiation has been developed. The cinnabar has a high density, low hardness, brittleness and good floatability. When developing the beneficiation process, we must try to prevent the cinnabar from being crushed during the crushing and grinding process.
The process of mercury ore beneficiation includes pre-selection, re-election, flotation, re-election and flotation combined processes and joint metallurgical process. Hand selection is a traditional pre-selection method for mercury ore. Hand selection can get concentrate and throw away some waste rock. When the ore particle size is 20-100mm, the throwing rate of the hand-selected waste rock can reach 40%-80%. It is also possible to utilize the characteristics of cinnabar brittleness, selectively enrich in the fine fraction during the crushing process, and then remove the on-screen product (waste stone) by a sieving machine. The re-election is mainly carried out by jigging beneficiation and shaker dressing. This method has a low recovery rate and is rarely used alone. Flotation is an effective method for recovering fine-grained mercury minerals and polymetallic symbiotic ores. Usually one or two stages of grinding, including rough selection and multiple selection and sweeping flotation processes. The activator of cinnabar flotation is copper sulfate and lead acetate, and the collectors are xanthate, black medicine and sulfur nitrogen No. 9. When the ore contains Hg 0.1% to 0.5%, the mercury concentrate grade is 10% to 30%, and the recovery rate is 90% to 96%. The re-election flotation combined process is more common in mercury ore beneficiation. Re-select the jig or shaker to obtain high-grade cinnabar concentrate, re-select the tailings after re-grinding and flotation to obtain concentrate. When the ore contains Hg 0.069%～0.695%, the cinnabar containing Hg 83.66%～84.66% is re-elected, and the cinnabar concentrate containing Hg 12.5%～23.77% is obtained by flotation, and the total recovery rate can reach 91.6%～ 96.22%.
Mercury-containing polymetallic ore, which is a combination of mineral processing and smelting. Mercury (intermediate) produced by the pyrometallurgical process of pyrometallurgy can be treated with a shaker or cyclone. The typical ore dressing plant Guizhou Mercury Mine Erkeng Concentrator is located in Wanshan County, Guizhou Province. Started production in 1981. Processing a single mercury ore with a production scale of 300t/d. The main metal ore minerals cinnabar, associated with a small amount of pyrite, stibnite, sphalerite and natural mercury. The gangue minerals are mainly dolomite, followed by quartz and calcite . Cinnabar has a particle size of 0.4 to 0.6 mm, a maximum of 12 mm and a minimum of 0.02 mm. The beneficiation process consists of two sections of crushing ore, re-election and flotation combined process. The products are cinnabar and cinnabar concentrate. The original ore grade is 1.18%, the concentrate grade is 22.92%, and the recovery rate is 96.02%.
The Wuchuan Mercury Concentrator is located in Wuchuan County, Guizhou Province, China. It was put into operation in 1970 and processed a single cinnabar type mercury sand. The production scale is 150t/d. A small amount of limonite, pyrite, sphalerite is associated with the ore. The gangue mineral is mainly composed of calcite and dolomite, and a small amount of barite . The beneficiation process consists of two sections of open-circuit crushing, a closed-circuit grinding, and a single flotation process. The product is Chensha concentrate. The original ore grade is 1.23%, the concentrate grade is 17.5%, and the recovery rate is 94%.
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