Open-pit mining will destroy the stability of the rock mass and cause deformation and damage of the rock mass. The forms of slope damage mainly include caving, scattering, dumping and sliding. The slope failure type destroys the sliding speed of the rock mass, and the comprehensive effect of the three elements of the destruction scale determines the damage that may be caused by the failure process of a slope.
The failure type of slope rock mass can be divided into four types according to the failure mechanism: plane failure, wedge failure, circular arc damage and dumping damage. Sliding failure of slope rock mass can be divided into four types: creeping sliding, slow sliding, fast sliding and high speed sliding. The scale of the slope rock mass can be divided into four types: small sliding, medium sliding, large sliding and giant sliding. If these three factors can be predicted correctly before the accident, effective measures can be taken in advance to stop the occurrence of slope damage or minimize the damage caused by the slope damage.
The slope safety management system includes determining the reasonable step height and platform width, correctly selecting the step slope angle and the final slope angle, selecting a reasonable mining sequence and propulsion direction, and rationally performing blasting operations to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the slope. Slope safety inspection, taking effective safety measures, etc.
The prevention and control measures for unstable slopes can be roughly divided into four categories.
(1) Treatment of surface water and groundwater For slopes that are unstable due to large infiltration of surface water and groundwater movement, the method of thinning is adopted, and the treatment effect is better. The general measures for the treatment of surface water and groundwater are: surface drainage, horizontal dewatering holes, vertical dewatering wells, and underground dredging roadways.
(2) The specific methods for reducing the sliding force of the sliding body and increasing the anti-sliding force are the gentle slope cleaning method and the weight reduction foot method.
(3) The method of increasing the strength of rock and artificial slope Slope reinforcement open technique commonly used are: retaining wall, pile, the metal anchor, anchor rope and a pressure grouting, shotcrete slope and injection Anti-seepage reinforcement of pulp. .
Retaining wall is an artificial structure that prevents loose materials. It can be used as a single barrier for small landslides and as a comprehensive measure for controlling large landslides. Reinforced concrete piles are generally used to reinforce slopes with anti-slide piles. Use the anchor 2. Cable reinforcement is an ideal reinforcement method for reinforcement with obvious weak surfaces. Shotcrete can be used as a surface treatment for slopes. It can timely seal the rock on the surface of the slope from weathering, deliquescence and spalling, and at the same time strengthen the rock to increase the strength of the rock.
(4) Peripheral blasting and blasting vibration may damage the stop slope and buildings at a certain distance from the source. The most common forms of blasting damage to stop slopes and steps are backlash blasting, top cracking, and loose rock on the slope. Peripheral blasting technology is to limit the damage of the explosive energy to the final stop slope and steps by reducing the concentration of explosive energy around the stope and controlling the concentration of blasting energy on the slope. Specific peripheral blasting techniques include: shock blasting, buffer blasting, and pre-cracking blasting.
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