China's valve production of about 2,300 more than three, can provide several major categories of valve products, more than 3500 varieties, more than 40,000 specifications. (1) Urban Construction Valves: The Urban Construction Department adopts low-pressure valves in general, and is currently developing in the direction of environment-friendly and energy-saving. Environment-friendly plastic valve, balance valve and the middle of the butterfly valve, metal butterfly valve is gradually replacing the low pressure iron gate. Domestic urban construction needs more valves for the balance valve, soft seal gate valve, butterfly valve. (2) urban heating valves: urban heat generation system, the need to use a large number of metal seal butterfly valve, horizontal balance valve and direct buried ball valve, because of such valves to solve the pipeline vertical and horizontal hydraulic imbalance problem, to energy saving, heat balance the goal of. (3) Environmental protection valve: In the domestic environmental protection system, the water supply system mainly needs the midline butterfly valve, soft seal gate valve, ball valve and exhaust valve (used to eliminate the air in the pipeline). Sewage treatment system is mainly required to use soft seal gate valve, butterfly valve. (4) city gas valve: city gas accounts for 22% of the entire natural market, the valve dosage is large, its type is also more. Mainly need ball valve, plug valve, pressure reducing valve, safety valve. (5) Long-distance pipeline valves: long-distance pipeline mainly for crude oil, finished products and natural pipelines. The amount of such pipelines need to use the valve is forged steel three-way full-diameter ball valve, anti-sulfur plate gate valve, safety valve, check valve. (6) Valves for petrochemical plants: a. The valves to be used in refinery and refining units are mostly pipe valves, mainly for gate valves, globe valves, check valves, safety valves, ball valves, butterfly valves and steam traps. Accounting for about 80% of the total valve, (valve accounts for the total investment of 3% to 5%). b, chemical fiber installations, chemical fiber products mainly polyester, acrylic, vinylon three categories. Its need to use the valve ball valve, jacket valve (jacket ball valve, jacket valve, jacket cut-off valve). c, acrylic sunny device. The device is generally required to produce api scale valve, mainly gate valve, globe valve, check valve, ball valve, steam trap, needle valve, plug valve, valve which accounts for about 75% of the total valve. d, ammonia plant. Because the original ammonia and purification methods are different, the process of different, the valve required technical performance is also different. At present, the domestic ammonia plant mainly needs gate valve, globe valve, check valve, trap, butterfly valve, ball valve, diaphragm valve, regulating valve, needle valve, safety valve, high temperature cryogenic valve. Among them, the cut-off valve accounts for 53.4% ​​of the total valve data, gate valves accounted for 25.1%, traps 7.7%, safety valves accounted for 2.4%, control valves and cryogenic valves and other accounts for 11.4% .e, ethylene plant, ethylene plant Is the leading petrochemical plant, which requires a wide range of valves. Gate valve, globe valve, check valve, lift rod ball valve accounted for most of the gate valve to be topped. In the "Tenth Five-year Plan", there are also 6 sets of ethylene plants with an annual output of 660,000 tons nationwide. The demand for such valves is considerable. In addition, large-scale ethylene and high-pressure polyethylene plant also need to use ultra-high temperature, low temperature and ultra-high pressure valve products. f, air separation plant. "Air separation" is the air separation, the device is mainly required cut-off valve, safety valve, check valve, regulating valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, cryogenic valve. g, polypropylene device, polypropylene is easy to propylene as raw material, the polymerization of polymer compounds, the device is mainly required gate valve, check valve, check valve, needle valve, ball valve, steam trap. (7) Power Station Valve: The construction of power station in China is proceeding towards large-scale development. Therefore, it requires large-diameter and high-pressure safety valves, pressure reducing valves, globe valves, gate valves, butterfly valves, emergency stop valves and flow control valves. Instrument stop valve, (According to the national "Tenth Five-Year Plan", in addition to Inner Mongolia, Guizhou provinces can also be built more than 200,000 kilowatts units, other provinces and cities can only build 300,000 kilowatts or more units). (8) Metallurgical valves: Alumina in the metallurgical industry is mainly required wear-resistant slurry valve (in the flow of stop valve), regulating trap. Steelmaking industry is mainly required to use metal seal ball valve, butterfly valve and oxide ball valve, dead bolt and four-way valve. (9) Marine flat valve: With the development of offshore oil field exploitation, the amount of flat-out valve required by the ocean is also gradually increasing. Offshore platform need to turn off the ball valve, check valve, multi-valve. Search Keyword: More Valve Technical Articles Valve Products Supply Information
Truck Brake Pads
Asbestos was added as an common ingredient to Brake Pads post-WWI, as car speeds began to increase, because research showed that its properties allowed it to absorb the heat (which can reach 500 °F) while still providing the friction necessary to stop a vehicle. However, as the serious health-related hazards of asbestos eventually started to become apparent, other materials had to be found. Asbestos brake pads have largely been replaced by non-asbestos organic (NAO) materials in first world countries. Today, brake pad materials are classified into one of four principal categories, as follows:
Non-metallic materials - these are made from a combination of various synthetic substances bonded into a composite, principally in the form of cellulose, aramid, PAN, and sintered glass. They are gentle on rotors, but produce a fair amount of dust, thus having a short service life.
Semi-metallic materials - synthetics mixed with varying proportions of flaked metals. These are harder than non-metallic pads, more fade-resistant and longer lasting, but at the cost of increased wear to the rotor/drum which then must be replaced sooner. They also require more actuating force than non-metallic pads in order to generate braking torque.
Fully metallic materials - these pads are used only in racing vehicles, and are composed of sintered steel without any synthetic additives. They are very long-lasting, but require more force to slow a vehicle while wearing off the rotors faster. They also tend to be very loud.
Ceramic materials - Composed of clay and porcelain bonded to copper flakes and filaments, these are a good compromise between the durability of the metal pads, grip and fade resistance of the synthetic variety. Their principal drawback, however, is that unlike the previous three types, despite the presence of the copper (which has a high thermal conductivity), ceramic pads generally do not dissipate heat well, which can eventually cause the pads or other components of the braking system to warp.However, because the ceramic materials causes the braking sound to be elevated beyond that of human hearing, they are exceptionally quiet.
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