Since the World Climate Conference in Copenhagen in 2009, low-carbon agriculture has emerged as a result of the rise of a low-carbon economy. The implementation of technological measures such as low energy consumption, low pollution, and low emissions has gradually entered various production processes. Solar insecticidal lamp is a new product with low carbon, environmental protection, and modern technology. The insect trap lamp traps and kills a wide spectrum of insect pests, and the economic, ecological and social benefits are significant. This article believes that the widespread application of solar insecticide technology is of great significance to the solid advancement of modern agriculture and low-carbon agriculture.
1 The importance of promoting the application of solar insecticide technology
1.1 Conducive to ease the contradiction between energy supply and demand, and promote the development of low-carbon agriculture into the 21st century. With the ever-decreasing fossil energy resources and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the development of new, environmentally friendly, and safe renewable energy has become an energy source for all countries in the world. The important choice of strategy. At the 2009 annual meeting of the China International Committee for Cooperation on Environment and Development, the “policy research report†of the Task Force on Energy, Environment, and Climate Change in China’s Rural Development pointed out: China is driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and marketization. As a result, unprecedented changes have taken place in the agricultural production methods, farmers' lifestyles, and rural social development, bringing unprecedented shocks and shocks. This poses a severe challenge to accelerating rural energy development and promoting the improvement of rural ecological environment. Rural energy consumption has become an important source of global greenhouse gas emissions. Increasing its utilization efficiency is an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The development of renewable energy sources is an important channel to ease the contradiction between energy supply and demand, reduce environmental pollution, and increase farmers' income. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is considered to be one of the two most important problems in solving energy and environmental problems due to its unique advantages of non-polluting, non-transportation, non-monopoly, simple maintenance, safe operation, inexhaustible, and inexhaustible. Best choice.
1.2 It is helpful to reduce pesticide poisoning pollution and ensure the safety of people and livestock. As we all know, organic synthetic pesticides, as a widely used special chemical, are effective in controlling agricultural and forest pests and diseases at the same time, but also pollute the environment. Livestock and poultry produce hazards. On the one hand, there are pesticide poisoning problems that directly threaten personal safety. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, there are about 3 million pesticide poisoning people (mostly organic phosphorus pesticide poisoning) every year in the world, and tens of thousands to 100,000 pesticide poisoning people in China (70% are organophosphorus pesticide poisoning). In the mid-1980s, there were 100,000 acute pesticide poisonings in China each year, with a fatality rate of about 20%. After the 1990s, the number of pesticide poisoning and deaths dropped, but there are still 5-7 deaths each year. On the other hand, there are problems with pesticide residues. According to reports in the literature, only -4 was applied after pesticide application, and some played a beneficial role, most of which volatilized into the air, flowed into the water, and settled in the soil. If pesticides are used extensively for a long time. The toxic side effects caused by pesticide residues will appear. For example, after the fish and fishery products of agricultural products are seriously polluted, they are transferred to the human body through the enrichment of the food chain, causing harm to the human body. After the natural enemies of pests eat pests that have been killed by pesticides, they will also cause poisoning and be harmed, thus destroying the ecological balance. In addition, the frequent use of pesticides will make the pests resistant to drugs, resulting in increased frequency and dosage of drugs, increasing environmental pollution and ecological damage, resulting in a vicious circle of abuse of pesticides. With the solar insecticide technology to control pests, there is no chemical pesticide pollution and its harm.
2.3 is conducive to the production of pollution-free, green, organic food, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products into the 21st century, especially in recent years to raise the most is the quality and safety of food, that is not only to eat full, but also eat well; The production concept changes from "high-yield, high-quality" to "high-quality, high-yield." To this end, on the basis of comprehensively advancing the implementation of the "Non-environmental Food Action Plan," China has put forward higher requirements on green and organic food production. Its purpose is to be in line with international standards and to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products in China. Through the full-scale quality and safety control of agricultural products from the farmland to the table, the consumption safety of edible agricultural products is basically achieved, and the quality and safety of agricultural products have reached the medium level in developed countries and regions. The use of solar insecticide technology is one of the effective measures to reduce or avoid pesticide residues and to implement pollution-free, green, organic food production and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
2 It is feasible to promote the application of solar insecticide technology. Students
2.1 Advanced Application of Solar Insecticide Technology
2.1.1 Products with high technological content and stable performance Solar insecticidal lamp is a new product based on black light and frequency vibration type insect killer lamp. It uses insect phototaxis, color gradation, and tropism, through The solar energy intelligent conversion system generates a specific light source to lure the pests to a high-voltage electric shock net of up to 3,000 to 5,000 volts around the light source, so that the insects can be electrocuted and then fall into special insect-infected bags, thereby achieving the purpose of killing insect pests. At present, there are dozens of companies that produce solar insecticidal lamps in the country. Their technical content is relatively high and their performance is becoming increasingly stable. Among them, a variety of products have been incorporated into the national support promotion catalogue.
2.1.2 Wide range of applications, many kinds of trapping and killing pests According to experimental observations, solar insecticidal lamps can be widely used in agriculture, forestry, tea, vegetables, tobacco, warehousing, orchards, gardens, urban afforestation, aquaculture, and wine brewing. Other industries. It can seduce more than a thousand kinds of pests. The main trapping and killing pests are: 1 Vegetable pests: Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua, Whitefly, Tawny Nightingale, Silvery Nightingale, and Moth. 2 Rice pests: rice blast, rice leaf roller, rice borer, rice borer, leaf borer. 3 Cotton pests: Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Red bollworms, Blind stinkbugs, Bridge-building insects, Earthworms, Scarab and so on. 4 Miscellaneous grains pests: corn borer, sorghum worm, millet borer, soybean borer worm, bean day oh, apple leafworm moth. 5 fruit tree pests: oh night sucking fruit, sudden back spot red dragonfly, peach aphid, hawkmoth. 6 Forest pests: pine caterpillars, hawkmoths, American white oh, pines in cattle, white tree moths, leaf roller moths, big leafhoppers, spring owls, light shoulders, etc. 7 Tea pests: tea scorpion, tea caterpillar, teat moth, tea dying moth, tea tussock moth, tea nettle, tea green leafhopper. 8 Storage pests: rice moth, medicinal herbs, black mealworms, wheat moth. 9 Land Environment: Assortment of mosquitoes, flies, tigers, beetles, cockroaches, and larvae.
2.1.3 Safety, environmental protection, and high degree of automation Adoption of photovoltaic technology, without electricity, saves energy, saves on consumables, and eliminates unsafe factors brought about by utility power. Through intelligent control system, automatic security protection is harmless to humans and animals. At the same time, light control, time control and rain control are realized, which solves the cumbersome operation of turning on and off lights manually.
2.2 Solar insecticidal lamp has been included in the scope of national purchase subsidies. With the continuous increase in the central government's subsidies for purchase of agricultural machinery, the scope of purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery is also expanding. At present, many provinces, including Hunan Province, have incorporated the Tai 15H insecticide lamp into the scope of purchase subsidies, with the maximum subsidy reaching 30% of the purchase price. The Chenzhou Tobacco System’s purchase subsidies for solar insecticide lamps will be subsidized by 30% on the basis of agricultural machinery subsidies. This provides financial support for the application of solar insecticidal lamps.
2.3 The "three major" benefits of using solar insecticidal lamps are obvious
2.3.1 Significant economic benefits According to relevant information, the trapping rate of solar insecticidal lamps against major insect pests is over 85%, while the purchase cost and installation cost of solar insecticidal lamps is around 4,000 yuan per unit (without considering the purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery) Each 1200 yuan Taiwan, tobacco subsidies 1,200 yuan, total 2400 yuan each, the service life is based on lO years, the annual discount of 40 yuan per lamp, plus management fees for insect maintenance and other management costs 50 yuan per trip, according to each lamp The effective control of rice area is 50 mu, equivalent to 9 yuan per mu input cost per year. After the application of the insecticidal lamp, the number of times of application and the amount of drug used were reduced by 2 times. In terms of spraying labor costs and pesticide costs, the prevention and treatment cost per acre can be reduced by 61 yuan per year. If more than 3.9 million mu of paddy rice in Ganzhou City is implemented with solar-powered insecticidal lamps, the annual cost savings will be 238 million yuan.
2.3.2 Significant eco-efficiency According to the law of natural enemies of pests (such as natural enemies of pests, which usually come out at more than two o'clock in the morning), solar-powered insecticidal lamps are designed with time control methods to ensure that natural enemies of pests are not harmed. According to the test, the maximum pest-to-noise ratio of solar insecticidal lamps can reach 1:148.5, indicating that solar insecticidal lamps have little harm to natural enemies of pests and have a strong specificity for trapping and killing of insect pests. But at the same time, since the insecticidal lamp cannot achieve 100% insect killing effect, it will not cut off the food source to the pest's natural enemies, and it will not have a great impact on the biological control of “control with benefitsâ€. It helps to maintain ecological balance. In addition, the trap-killing pests are free from pesticide contamination. It contains high-protein and trace elements for poultry, fish, and frog breeding. It is a high-quality natural feed.
2.3.3 Good Social Benefits After a large-scale application of solar-powered insecticidal lamp technology, first, there is no need for mains electricity to save energy; second, pesticide use and pesticide poisoning accidents can be reduced, and the quality and safety of livestock and agricultural products can be further protected. The output and quality will be further improved, the competitiveness of agricultural products will be enhanced, and the production of pollution-free, green and organic foods will be effectively promoted. Thirdly, the solar-friendly insecticidal lamp is easy to operate and adopts light control technology. It can greatly reduce the labor intensity of farmers.
2.4 The use of light to kill insects has already established a certain mass base. As early as the 1960s, many countries in the country have promoted the use of "black light" insecticide technology. For example, at the end of 1979, the number of black-light lamps in the Luzhou area reached 13,715, and the prevention and control area in the year reached 2.688 mu. In recent years, frequency-vibrancy insecticidal lamps powered by alternating current have been demonstrated on tobacco, citrus, vegetables, and rice. A considerable number of rural households have obtained preliminary understanding of the technology of trapping and killing insects by moth traps, which has laid a good foundation for the promotion of solar insecticidal lamps.
3 Solar insecticide technology promotion countermeasures and suggestions
3.1 Raise ideological awareness, and effectively strengthen the leadership of all levels of government, especially the relevant departments of agriculture, agricultural machinery, and other related departments at all levels, attach great importance to the promotion of solar insecticide technology into the agenda of plant protection work, and establish solar insecticide. The technical promotion leading group and the working team are responsible for the overall responsibility of the leaders at all levels of government. The leaders of the relevant departments are members, and an office is set up at the Agricultural Bureau. The working team needs to have a work deployment (target plan) at the beginning of the year, with work demonstrations, technical guidance, and job supervision at the middle of the year.
3.2 Demonstration, promotion, and promotion of target management, promotion of development of target management, proposal of promotion of solar insecticide technology into the agricultural new technology promotion and specialization prevention work plan, and strive to the end of “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the promotion of this technology is mainly Coverage above 8096 on crops. All counties (cities, districts) and key towns and villages must start from high-efficiency crops and carry out demonstration demonstrations of solar-powered insecticidal lamps. From point to point, they should gradually expand the scope of application. Governments at all levels, especially the agricultural administrative departments, shall include the promotion of solar insecticide technology as a hard target for performance evaluation of the annual work. They must give awards and rewards for exceeding the promotion tasks, otherwise they will be given criticism.
3.3 Increase capital investment, encourage rapid promotion of promotion of solar insect killer lamps, and pay attention to national and provincial financial purchase subsidies. At the same time, municipal and county governments should also incorporate solar insecticide lamps into the range of subsidies for purchase of agricultural machinery. In particular, the municipal and county finances shall incorporate into their budgets the work funds for the solar insecticidal lamp demonstration sites and work target management incentive funds, ensure that all funds are put into place, and promote solar energy insecticide technology to be promoted in a down-to-earth manner.
3.4 Strengthening Publicity and Launching Work Environment At all levels, governments at all levels, especially the agricultural administrative departments of cities and counties, must give full play to public opinion and media propaganda in news media such as radio, television, newspapers, and the Internet, and open up column special issues to systematically advertise solar insecticides. The product performance and insecticidal effect of the lamp; the importance and feasibility of promoting and applying solar insecticide technology: promoting the operating technology of solar insecticidal lamp and promoting the use of advanced models, so that the city formed a strong promotion of the application of solar energy insecticide technology Atmosphere.
Zhejiang Tops Instruments specializes in R&D, production and sales of agricultural instruments, and its own brand “Topâ€. The products mainly include hundreds of instrument products such as recorders and automatic nitrogen determination instruments.
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