Which factors will lead to active water absorption in the root system?
The root system plays an important role in the process of crops absorbing water and nutrients, which determines the time and area of ​​continuous water absorption of the crop and controls the relative strength of the water absorption rate in the soil profile. The renewal study of root crop analysers on a variety of crops found that regardless of whether the root system is actively or passively absorbing water, the resistance of the soil, the resistance of the root interface, and the radial and axial resistances of the roots must be overcome. These resistance sizes and distributions and the characteristics of the root system There is a close relationship between growth and distribution.
In addition, the root size will also change the soil's effective water content and the critical soil water potential, which will affect the crop's water use and early-age resistance. Root water absorption mainly concentrated in the root tip, root hair area and root age smaller root system radial resistance is small, the activity is large, the main part of the water absorption. The lateral root is mainly responsible for water absorption function, the main root is mainly responsible for the water transfer function. The mechanism of water uptake in roots shows that the size and distribution of roots will affect the water uptake rate of roots and change the water distribution of soils. The distribution of water in soil profiles determines the size and spatial distribution of roots, and there is a feedback relationship between them.
There is a complex nonlinear relationship between root growth and water absorption. According to Gardner's theory of single water absorption model, the relationship between the root water absorption rate per unit soil and the root length density (RLD) is: wU-RLDua, indicating that the larger the root system, the stronger the water absorption capacity and the greater the water absorption. Molz et al. found that the role of root system in crop water absorption is greater than that of Darcy flow, especially when the soil water content is low, the root system has a greater effect. Crop roots are small, and even if the soil has a strong water supply capacity, such as strong atmospheric evaporation, it is very vulnerable to water stress and yield decline. In particular, a large level of soil strength, often hinder the roots under the bar or reduce the rate of root elongation, thus affecting crop water absorption and growth, even if shallow roots grow in soil moisture, short-term dry will also limit crop growth and reduce yield. Any obstacle to root growth often causes crop water stress. Hurd pointed out that although large root systems will not guarantee high yields, it will help prevent production loss due to insufficient water supply. Any root-for-management measures will help reduce water stress and increase crop drought resistance, especially for coarser textures and water retention. This is especially true of poor soil.
Another conclusion is that the water absorption is not necessarily related to the root distribution, because the soil moisture can move to the root surface under the action of the water gradient. When the groundwater level is shallow, the water absorption rate of the smaller root crop is higher even if the soil is dry early because the capillary water rises. The root length density and the water absorption rate are even nonlinearly inversely related to each other. This kind of conclusion may be due to the difference in the number of active roots in the total root volume. In dry areas or where crops are affected by drought for a long time, active roots develop mainly in the lower soil layers. The growth and distribution of roots showed dynamic changes, and the maximum water uptake rate of the crops continued to shift downward with the roots.
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