The Honing Process is a special form of grinding and it is a highly efficient machining method in finishing. This process can not only remove large machining allowances, but also is an effective processing method for improving the dimensional accuracy, geometric shape accuracy and surface roughness of parts, and is widely used in the manufacture of automobile parts. The principle of honing process honing is the use of one or more oilstones installed on the circumference of the honing head. The open rocking mechanism (rotary type and push type) is used to open the oil stone radially and press it against the wall of the workpiece hole. Create a certain surface contact. At the same time, the honing head rotates and reciprocates, and the parts do not move; or the honing head rotates only and the workpiece reciprocates to realize honing. In most cases, the honing head and the spindle of the machine are floating or between the honing head and the workpiece holder. In this way, the honing head is guided by the wall of the workpiece hole during machining. Therefore, the machining accuracy is less affected by the accuracy of the machine tool itself. The formation of the hole surface basically has the characteristics of the creation process. The so-called creation process is that the whetstone and the wall of the hole are mutually researched and modified to form a hole wall and a whetstone surface. The principle is similar to the principle that two planes of motion planes face each other to form a plane. During honing, the honing head rotates and reciprocates, or the honing head rotates the workpiece to make a reciprocating motion, so that the processing surface forms a cross-helix cutting trajectory, and the number of revolutions of the honing head is not an integer during each reciprocal stroke time, so that the two strokes are honed. The head is offset from the workpiece by a certain angle in the circumferential direction. Such movement makes the trajectory of each abrasive particle on the honing head not be repeated on the wall of the hole. In addition, for each rotation of the boring head, there is an overlap in the axial trajectory between the whetstone and the previous trajectory, making the front and rear grinding trajectories more smooth and even. In this way, during the whole honing process, the opportunity for each point of the hole wall and the oleander face to interfere with each other is almost equal. Therefore, as the honing process continues to generate interference points on the surface of the borehole and the surface of the whetstone, these interference points are constantly ground off and new interference points are generated, which are constantly worn away so that the contact area between the bore and the whetstone surface increases continuously. The degree of interference and the cutting action are continuously weakened, and the roundness and cylindricity of the holes and whetstones are also continuously increased. Finally, the creation of the hole surface is completed. In order to obtain a better cylindricity, in the case of honing, the parts are often turned around, or the mutual position of the honing head and the workpiece axis is changed. It should be noted that because of the use of abrasives such as diamond and cubic boron nitride in the honing stone, the wear of the stone during processing is very small, that is, the amount of finishing of the stone is small. Therefore, the accuracy of the hole depends to some extent on the original accuracy of the whetstone on the honing head. Therefore, when using diamond and cubic boron nitride stone, the stone should be well-dressed before honing to ensure the accuracy of the hole. Honing the cutting process Constant pressure feeding Honing Pressuring feeding mechanism feeds with a constant pressure to the hole wall, divided into three stages. The first stage is the shedding cutting stage. This constant pressure honing begins with a rough wall of the hole, the contact area of ​​the oilstone with the hole wall is small, and the contact pressure is large, and the protruding portion of the hole wall is soon removed. On the surface of the oil stone, due to the large contact pressure and the wear of the whetstone binder by the chips, the bonding strength between the abrasive particles and the binder is reduced, and some abrasive particles fall off under the action of the cutting pressure, and the oil stone surface is exposed. Abrasive particles, which is self-sharp oilstone. The second stage is the crushing and cutting stage. As the honing progresses, the surface of the hole becomes more and more light, the contact area with the oil stone becomes larger, the contact pressure per unit area decreases, and the cutting efficiency decreases. At the same time, the cut chips are small and fine, and the wear of the adhesive by these chips is also small. Therefore, there is little shedding of the Whetstone abrasives, and the grinding is not based on new abrasive particles, but rather on the tip of the abrasive particles. Therefore, the abrasive particle tip has a large load, and the abrasive particles are easily broken and disintegrated to form a new cutting edge. The third stage is the blockage cutting stage. When the grinding is continued, the contact area between the oilstone and the hole surface becomes larger and larger. The extremely fine chips accumulate between the oilstone and the hole wall and cannot be easily eliminated, resulting in clogging of the oilstone and becoming very smooth. So the stone cutting ability is extremely low and it is equivalent to polishing. If the grinding is continued and the plugging of the oil stone is severe and the adhesive plugging occurs, the oil stone completely loses the cutting ability and is severely heated. Both the accuracy of the hole and the surface roughness are affected. At this point you should end your exploration as soon as possible. Quantitative Feed Honing When the feed is honed, the feed mechanism expands the feed at a constant rate, forcing the abrasive particles into the workpiece. Therefore, there are only shedding cutting and crushing cutting in the honing process, so it is impossible to produce clogging and cutting. Because when the stone blocks the cutting force, the feed amount is greater than the actual grinding amount. At this time, the honing pressure is increased, so that the abrasive particles fall off and break, and the cutting action is enhanced. When honing with this method, in order to improve the hole accuracy and surface roughness, it is finally possible to use a non-feeding honing for a certain period of time. The constant pressure-quantitative feed honing begins with constant pressure feed grinding. When the Whetstone enters the blockage cutting stage, it is converted into a quantitative feed honing to increase efficiency. Finally, it can be used to improve the precision and surface roughness of the hole. Honing processing features 
Fig. 1 The processing inside the cylindrical inner circle requires high processing precision, especially some small and medium-sized through holes, and the cylindricity can be within 0.001mm. Some parts with uneven wall thickness, such as connecting rods, can have a roundness of 0.002mm. For large holes (with a hole diameter of 200mm or more), the roundness can reach 0.005mm. If there is no ring groove or radial hole, straightness of less than 0.01mm/1m is possible. Honing is more precise than grinding, because the bearing that supports the grinding wheel during grinding is located outside the bore hole, which can cause deviations. In particular, the machining of small holes has worse grinding accuracy. In general, honing can only improve the shape accuracy of the workpiece. To improve the position accuracy of the part, some necessary measures must be taken. If the panel is used to improve the perpendicularity between the end surface and the axis of the part (the panel is mounted on the stroke bracket, and it is adjusted so that it is perpendicular to the rotating spindle, and the part is processed on the panel). The surface with good surface quality is a cross hatch, which is good for the storage of oil and the maintenance of oil film. It has a higher surface support ratio (the ratio of the actual contact area between the hole and the shaft and the matching area between the two), so it can withstand large loads and resist wear, thereby increasing the service life of the product. The honing speed is low (a few tenths of the grinding speed), and the whetstone is in surface contact with the hole, so the average grinding pressure of each abrasive grain is small, so that when honing, the heat amount of the workpiece is very small, and the workpiece surface is almost No heat damage and metamorphic layer, small deformation. The honed surface hardly embeds sand and squeezes hard layers. Wide processing range Mainly processed various cylindrical holes: through holes, axial and radial holes, such as holes with radial holes or slots, keyway holes, spline holes, blind holes, multi-step holes, etc. In addition, with special boring heads, it is also possible to process tapered holes, elliptical holes, etc. However, due to the complex structure of the boring head, it is generally not necessary. The cylinder can be honed with the cylindrical honing tool, but the removal margin is much smaller than the honing of the inner circle. Honing can process almost any material, especially the application of diamond and cubic boron nitride abrasives, further expand the application of honing, and also greatly improve the efficiency of honing processing.
Fig. 2 Several machining defects appearing in the part machining process have small cutting allowances to meet the accuracy required by the drawings. The honing process is the least removal method in all machining methods. In the honing process, the honing tool uses the workpiece as a guide to remove excess headroom of the workpiece to achieve the desired accuracy of the workpiece. When honing, the honing tool first takes the place where the rest of the workpiece needs to go, and then gradually picks up where it needs to be removed. The ability to rectify holes is strong due to deficiencies in the remaining various processing techniques, resulting in some processing defects during processing. Such as: out of round, bell mouth, corrugated hole, small size, drum shape, taper, boring knife pattern, reamer knife pattern, rainbow, hole offset and surface roughness. Machining with a honing process can greatly improve the dimensional accuracy, roundness, straightness, cylindricity, and surface roughness of the hole and the outer circle by removing the minimum machining allowance. The application of honing technology in automobile manufacturing The advanced precision hole processing equipment and technology are widely used in the automotive and parts processing industry. Typical applications include engine block, cylinder liner, connecting rod, gear, oil pump nozzle, and brake pump. , brake drum, cylinder, steering gear, supercharger and so on. Such as: Honing in the oil pump nozzle industry Shanneng KGM-5000 series is a high-precision honing machine developed for the plunger of the oil pump nozzle industry, the removal of 0.01mm, a total cycle of 30 seconds; roundness 0.0005mm Straightness 0.0007mm; surface roughness Ra 0.06. Achieve the goal of using a full generation of grinding, which greatly extended the performance and life of the oil pump nozzle, fully meet the home emission standards. The application of honing in the inner hole of gears The car gears that are widely used nowadays are planetary gears, sun gears, double gears and the like. The application of honing on the supercharger part can be based on the material of the middle shell of the supercharger and the special structure of the inner hole, and the electroplated diamond abrasive grain sleeve can be used as the honing tool, and the multi-vertical shaft structure type can realize the completion of roughing in one cycle. Machining, semi-finishing, finishing, and deburring process sequences, multi-station turntables can automate the process and improve work efficiency.
Fig. 1 The processing inside the cylindrical inner circle requires high processing precision, especially some small and medium-sized through holes, and the cylindricity can be within 0.001mm. Some parts with uneven wall thickness, such as connecting rods, can have a roundness of 0.002mm. For large holes (with a hole diameter of 200mm or more), the roundness can reach 0.005mm. If there is no ring groove or radial hole, straightness of less than 0.01mm/1m is possible. Honing is more precise than grinding, because the bearing that supports the grinding wheel during grinding is located outside the bore hole, which can cause deviations. In particular, the machining of small holes has worse grinding accuracy. In general, honing can only improve the shape accuracy of the workpiece. To improve the position accuracy of the part, some necessary measures must be taken. If the panel is used to improve the perpendicularity between the end surface and the axis of the part (the panel is mounted on the stroke bracket, and it is adjusted so that it is perpendicular to the rotating spindle, and the part is processed on the panel). The surface with good surface quality is a cross hatch, which is good for the storage of oil and the maintenance of oil film. It has a higher surface support ratio (the ratio of the actual contact area between the hole and the shaft and the matching area between the two), so it can withstand large loads and resist wear, thereby increasing the service life of the product. The honing speed is low (a few tenths of the grinding speed), and the whetstone is in surface contact with the hole, so the average grinding pressure of each abrasive grain is small, so that when honing, the heat amount of the workpiece is very small, and the workpiece surface is almost No heat damage and metamorphic layer, small deformation. The honed surface hardly embeds sand and squeezes hard layers. Wide processing range Mainly processed various cylindrical holes: through holes, axial and radial holes, such as holes with radial holes or slots, keyway holes, spline holes, blind holes, multi-step holes, etc. In addition, with special boring heads, it is also possible to process tapered holes, elliptical holes, etc. However, due to the complex structure of the boring head, it is generally not necessary. The cylinder can be honed with the cylindrical honing tool, but the removal margin is much smaller than the honing of the inner circle. Honing can process almost any material, especially the application of diamond and cubic boron nitride abrasives, further expand the application of honing, and also greatly improve the efficiency of honing processing.
Fig. 2 Several machining defects appearing in the part machining process have small cutting allowances to meet the accuracy required by the drawings. The honing process is the least removal method in all machining methods. In the honing process, the honing tool uses the workpiece as a guide to remove excess headroom of the workpiece to achieve the desired accuracy of the workpiece. When honing, the honing tool first takes the place where the rest of the workpiece needs to go, and then gradually picks up where it needs to be removed. The ability to rectify holes is strong due to deficiencies in the remaining various processing techniques, resulting in some processing defects during processing. Such as: out of round, bell mouth, corrugated hole, small size, drum shape, taper, boring knife pattern, reamer knife pattern, rainbow, hole offset and surface roughness. Machining with a honing process can greatly improve the dimensional accuracy, roundness, straightness, cylindricity, and surface roughness of the hole and the outer circle by removing the minimum machining allowance. The application of honing technology in automobile manufacturing The advanced precision hole processing equipment and technology are widely used in the automotive and parts processing industry. Typical applications include engine block, cylinder liner, connecting rod, gear, oil pump nozzle, and brake pump. , brake drum, cylinder, steering gear, supercharger and so on. Such as: Honing in the oil pump nozzle industry Shanneng KGM-5000 series is a high-precision honing machine developed for the plunger of the oil pump nozzle industry, the removal of 0.01mm, a total cycle of 30 seconds; roundness 0.0005mm Straightness 0.0007mm; surface roughness Ra 0.06. Achieve the goal of using a full generation of grinding, which greatly extended the performance and life of the oil pump nozzle, fully meet the home emission standards. The application of honing in the inner hole of gears The car gears that are widely used nowadays are planetary gears, sun gears, double gears and the like. The application of honing on the supercharger part can be based on the material of the middle shell of the supercharger and the special structure of the inner hole, and the electroplated diamond abrasive grain sleeve can be used as the honing tool, and the multi-vertical shaft structure type can realize the completion of roughing in one cycle. Machining, semi-finishing, finishing, and deburring process sequences, multi-station turntables can automate the process and improve work efficiency.
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