According to the American Fun Science website reported on the 26th, the U.S. scientists developed a new type of "diffusion medical memristor" that simulates the behavior of synaptic calcium ions in two nodes of the human brain with a realistic fidelity The highest since. Researchers say the new device helps to develop brain-like (neuromorphic) computers. Such computers perform better and are more energy efficient than traditional computers in performing perception and learning tasks.
The research leader, Yang Zhiqing, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, said: "In the past, transistors and capacitors were used to simulate synaptic behavior, and although these devices work, they are similar to real biological systems Low sex, so inefficient, and more energy consumption, fidelity is not enough.
Studies show that there are about 100 billion neurons in the human brain and about 1,000 trillion synapses. Scientists have been hoping to develop brain-like computers to simulate the powerful computational ability and high efficiency of the human brain. "The new device simulates synapses in a more natural, direct and realistic way, not only simulating a synapse function, but also other important attributes," said Yang Zhiqing.
In the biological system, when a nerve pulse arrives at a synapse, it opens the channel and calcium ions flow into the synapse, triggering the brain to release "neurotransmitters," which traverse the gully between the two neurons Pulses pass on to the next neuron.
The newly developed "diffusive memristors" consist of silver nanoparticle clusters embedded in a silicon oxynitride film (located between two electrodes). The film is an insulator, but when an electrical pulse is applied, heat and electricity act together to cause the cluster of particles to collapse and segregate. The nanoparticles diffuse through the film and eventually form a conductive filament that passes current from one electrode to the other. Once the voltage is removed, the temperature drops and the nanoparticles recombine into clusters. The researchers said that because this process resembles the behavior of bio-synaptic calcium, the device mimics neuronal short-term plasticity.
They also combined the new memristor with a drift memristor that relies on an electric field rather than diffusion to make it well suited for storage, demonstrating one of the long-term plasticity of neurons, the "peak time related plasticity (STDP)." In the past, some people used the drift memristor to simulate the behavior of calcium ions, but their physical processes were totally different from those of biological synapses, which limited the fidelity and diversity of simulated synaptic functions.
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