Huang Lanyou, a researcher at the Scientific Instrument Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is a son of the famous scientist Huang Minglong, one of the first electron microscope manufacturers in China. (The following is dictation content)
My secondary school and university are all read in the United States. After graduating from university, he studied for one year at the Physics Department of Johns Hopkins University. After the liberation of the motherland, my father, Huang Minglong, was ready to return to China. My stepmother and my sister are also ready to follow. I was planning to stay in the United States or to complete my studies in other countries.
Later I came to the Department of Physics at Tubingen University in Germany. In history, there were two professors who won the Nobel Prize. At that time, there were four professors, one of whom was an expert in electron physics, electron optics, and electron microscopy, called Mollenstedt. . I think the electron microscope is very interesting. I chose this profession. He studied for five years at this university.
After returning home, I went to the Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. At that time, it was the time for the country to brewing the “Great Leap Forward†project. I think that the Institute should carry out some academic projects and propose several such topics. They are all blind, what is it? The idea is not yet liberating! Should also contact the actual! I realized this, so I proposed that you would engage in electron microscopes! Everyone said: This is also like a project. However, it was also said that Changchun Light Engine plans to do electron microscopy. So at the end of April, I went to the Changchun Institute of Optics.
I met several middle-level cadres. They said that they were indeed ready to do electron microscopy. However, they did so in the “Five-Year Plan†and intended to send people to East Germany to study. After I had spoken to several middle-level cadres about my origins, they went to tell Director Wang Dazhao. Director Wang immediately decided: Do it now! They asked how fast I could do it. I say two years! They said: "Which line does it have? It is a tribute to this thing."
I said that the "Eleventh" gift is impossible. They said they would either not do it. To do so would be "Eleventh" gifts. Since it is a "11" gift, you have to go to Beijing in August. I argued with them for a long time.
To do this project, I certainly understand the design and manufacture of electronic optic components such as electron guns, electron lenses, optical cables, fluorescent screens, and so on. However, only one general commercial electron microscopy sample was seen and its principle was known and it was not participated in the production at one time. What special equipment is needed for the requirements of the majority of users is really not the end.
Finally, I proposed: To do so quickly, you can only copy an imported electron microscope. I have seen electron microscopes of several universities in Changchun imported from the Soviet Union, which have a wide gap with the level of Western products. Later, a middle-level cadre said: The Wuhan Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences has newly introduced a Japanese electron microscope. Let's see if we can borrow it. They called and were personally called by Director Wang Dazhao and directly called Zhang Jinfu, the head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Zhang Jinfu promised one by one. We took the medium-sized electron microscope newly imported from Japan from Wuhan Aquatic Biological Institute. In this way, within three months, the electron microscope was made. This is China's first "homemade" electron microscope. It is actually copying people's homes. The optometrist said well: “Is it used for military training?†Because we cannot destroy this electron microscope, some parts, such as the lens envelope, cannot be copied or calculated on their own. High-voltage power supply, know its requirements, you can design.
The top right photo was taken by Xinhua News Agency to Guangji. In the photo, I was operating an electron microscope. Standing on my left was Lin Taiji of the Institute of Optics and Optics. Standing behind me was an engineer from Shenyang. They also wanted to be an electron microscope.
The main personnel of Guangji Institute working with me are: Wang Hongyi (machinery), Lin Taiji, Zhu Huanwen (physics), and Qin Qiliang (electronic circuit). I brought Jiang Junji (electronic circuit) and a middle school student from the electronics.
In 1958, Changchun Institute of Optics and Technology "Eleventh" gift program "eight major", "a soup", "eight parts" is developed eight kinds of optical instruments: medium electron microscope, high temperature metallurgical microscope, universal tool microscope, Special width multi-projector, large quartz spectrograph, neutron diffractometer, high-accuracy theodolite and infrared telescope, "a soup" is an optical glass.
Because in the several institutes of the Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Optics and Mechanics provided the best gift programs. The Academy of Sciences organized all the institutes to come to the Changchun Optical Engine and opened a large-scale “Great Leap Forward†conference and watched the Institute of Optics and Optics. The results of the exhibition. At that time, many items were displayed in a large hall. Electron microscope is one of them. President Guo Moruo also came. When he walked next to the electron microscope, Zhang Jinfu introduced me to him and said, "This is Huang Minglong's son." Later everyone laughed at me because the word "son" was no longer needed in New China. Young people felt funny. Dean Guo Moruo said to me: The first electron microscope China received was accepted by him. I thought to myself: That static electron microscope is not as good as ours!
Our electron microscope also participated in the "Academy of Great Leap Forward Achievements Exhibition" organized by the Academy of Microbiology in Beijing. At that exhibition, I also saw Premier Zhou Enlai and several national leaders who came and visited.
It was said that in the year of the “Great Leap Forwardâ€, there were as many as 14 electronic microscopy units in the country, but only Guangji was successful.
However, the resolution of the imported electron microscope we copied was 25 Angstroms (2.5 nm). In order to catch up with the progress, we did not spend more time analyzing the problems and making improvements. Therefore, the resolving power of the electron microscope reached only 100 angstroms (10 nm).
When I was exhibiting in Beijing, I saw that the name of the electronic microscope was 25 angstroms. I said it was bragging and I changed it to 100 angstroms. Didn't the “Great Leap Forward†engage in a “anti-floating†campaign? The person in the Institute of Light Machines said that Director Wang Dazhao praised me at the conference and said, "Huang Lanyou seeks truth from facts."
The electron microscope made in 1958 was a "medium electron microscope." Optical Engine transferred this technology to Nanjing Teaching Instrument Factory. In 1961, the factory produced five trials. In order to support the domestic electron microscopy business, Prof. Ke Jun of Beijing Iron and Steel Institute took the lead to buy one and use it to cultivate talents.
My secondary school and university are all read in the United States. After graduating from university, he studied for one year at the Physics Department of Johns Hopkins University. After the liberation of the motherland, my father, Huang Minglong, was ready to return to China. My stepmother and my sister are also ready to follow. I was planning to stay in the United States or to complete my studies in other countries.
Later I came to the Department of Physics at Tubingen University in Germany. In history, there were two professors who won the Nobel Prize. At that time, there were four professors, one of whom was an expert in electron physics, electron optics, and electron microscopy, called Mollenstedt. . I think the electron microscope is very interesting. I chose this profession. He studied for five years at this university.
After returning home, I went to the Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. At that time, it was the time for the country to brewing the “Great Leap Forward†project. I think that the Institute should carry out some academic projects and propose several such topics. They are all blind, what is it? The idea is not yet liberating! Should also contact the actual! I realized this, so I proposed that you would engage in electron microscopes! Everyone said: This is also like a project. However, it was also said that Changchun Light Engine plans to do electron microscopy. So at the end of April, I went to the Changchun Institute of Optics.
I met several middle-level cadres. They said that they were indeed ready to do electron microscopy. However, they did so in the “Five-Year Plan†and intended to send people to East Germany to study. After I had spoken to several middle-level cadres about my origins, they went to tell Director Wang Dazhao. Director Wang immediately decided: Do it now! They asked how fast I could do it. I say two years! They said: "Which line does it have? It is a tribute to this thing."
I said that the "Eleventh" gift is impossible. They said they would either not do it. To do so would be "Eleventh" gifts. Since it is a "11" gift, you have to go to Beijing in August. I argued with them for a long time.
To do this project, I certainly understand the design and manufacture of electronic optic components such as electron guns, electron lenses, optical cables, fluorescent screens, and so on. However, only one general commercial electron microscopy sample was seen and its principle was known and it was not participated in the production at one time. What special equipment is needed for the requirements of the majority of users is really not the end.
Finally, I proposed: To do so quickly, you can only copy an imported electron microscope. I have seen electron microscopes of several universities in Changchun imported from the Soviet Union, which have a wide gap with the level of Western products. Later, a middle-level cadre said: The Wuhan Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences has newly introduced a Japanese electron microscope. Let's see if we can borrow it. They called and were personally called by Director Wang Dazhao and directly called Zhang Jinfu, the head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Zhang Jinfu promised one by one. We took the medium-sized electron microscope newly imported from Japan from Wuhan Aquatic Biological Institute. In this way, within three months, the electron microscope was made. This is China's first "homemade" electron microscope. It is actually copying people's homes. The optometrist said well: “Is it used for military training?†Because we cannot destroy this electron microscope, some parts, such as the lens envelope, cannot be copied or calculated on their own. High-voltage power supply, know its requirements, you can design.
The top right photo was taken by Xinhua News Agency to Guangji. In the photo, I was operating an electron microscope. Standing on my left was Lin Taiji of the Institute of Optics and Optics. Standing behind me was an engineer from Shenyang. They also wanted to be an electron microscope.
The main personnel of Guangji Institute working with me are: Wang Hongyi (machinery), Lin Taiji, Zhu Huanwen (physics), and Qin Qiliang (electronic circuit). I brought Jiang Junji (electronic circuit) and a middle school student from the electronics.
In 1958, Changchun Institute of Optics and Technology "Eleventh" gift program "eight major", "a soup", "eight parts" is developed eight kinds of optical instruments: medium electron microscope, high temperature metallurgical microscope, universal tool microscope, Special width multi-projector, large quartz spectrograph, neutron diffractometer, high-accuracy theodolite and infrared telescope, "a soup" is an optical glass.
Because in the several institutes of the Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Optics and Mechanics provided the best gift programs. The Academy of Sciences organized all the institutes to come to the Changchun Optical Engine and opened a large-scale “Great Leap Forward†conference and watched the Institute of Optics and Optics. The results of the exhibition. At that time, many items were displayed in a large hall. Electron microscope is one of them. President Guo Moruo also came. When he walked next to the electron microscope, Zhang Jinfu introduced me to him and said, "This is Huang Minglong's son." Later everyone laughed at me because the word "son" was no longer needed in New China. Young people felt funny. Dean Guo Moruo said to me: The first electron microscope China received was accepted by him. I thought to myself: That static electron microscope is not as good as ours!
Our electron microscope also participated in the "Academy of Great Leap Forward Achievements Exhibition" organized by the Academy of Microbiology in Beijing. At that exhibition, I also saw Premier Zhou Enlai and several national leaders who came and visited.
It was said that in the year of the “Great Leap Forwardâ€, there were as many as 14 electronic microscopy units in the country, but only Guangji was successful.
However, the resolution of the imported electron microscope we copied was 25 Angstroms (2.5 nm). In order to catch up with the progress, we did not spend more time analyzing the problems and making improvements. Therefore, the resolving power of the electron microscope reached only 100 angstroms (10 nm).
When I was exhibiting in Beijing, I saw that the name of the electronic microscope was 25 angstroms. I said it was bragging and I changed it to 100 angstroms. Didn't the “Great Leap Forward†engage in a “anti-floating†campaign? The person in the Institute of Light Machines said that Director Wang Dazhao praised me at the conference and said, "Huang Lanyou seeks truth from facts."
The electron microscope made in 1958 was a "medium electron microscope." Optical Engine transferred this technology to Nanjing Teaching Instrument Factory. In 1961, the factory produced five trials. In order to support the domestic electron microscopy business, Prof. Ke Jun of Beijing Iron and Steel Institute took the lead to buy one and use it to cultivate talents.
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