Recently, I went to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province dragon-ferrous metal Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Baoshan Feilong Company) and because the people of Yunnan Jinsha Mining Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the Sands because people Company) mine, the two companies for the use of domestic tailing Field investigations were conducted on the high-density cementation filling technology.
Where is the tailings pond full of solid waste?
Traditional disposal faces multiple pressures such as capital, land acquisition, technology, operation and maintenance, and environmental safety supervision.
The mining industry in Yunnan Province has a long history and has played a very important role in promoting China's economic and social development. However, the large amount of tailings left by the mining enterprises in the long-term production process not only occupies the mining area, affects the production and life of the surrounding residents, but also brings potential safety hazards to the regional and river basin ecological environment.
Many tailings pollution incidents in recent years have greatly affected the local ecological environment and have become a hot spot of great concern to all sectors of society. At present, how to deal with the tailings problem has become a key factor affecting the sustainable development of mining companies.
Located in Long Yang District Wayao Township Hetaoping mine, a long mining history, the ancients were here in mining and milling of copper ore, leaving thousands of tons of slag.
On the Lushan Road along the Baichong River Bank to the Walnut Ping Mining Area, Li Chengzhong, the head of the Regulation and Education Information Section of the Baoshan Environmental Protection Bureau, told the author that this clear river was once seriously polluted by the disorderly discharge of tailings in the nearby mining area. .
Hetaoping lead zinc mine is a subsidiary company of Baoshan Feilong mining enterprises, mining area within the existing three beneficiation plants, the annual production capacity of 90,000 tons, the annual emissions of about 36,000 cubic meters of dry tailings.
According to Shi Guozhen, assistant general manager of Baoshan Feilong Company, the company selected the original ore to be lead-zinc-copper associated ore. After the multi-channel flotation process, the tailings entered the tailings dewatering workshop, concentrated by a thickener and filtered by a vacuum drum filter. The filtered tailings are sent to the dry heap of the surface tailings pond.
The Huagaoping Lead-Zinc Mine Factory has steep slopes and deep forests. Due to terrain constraints, the tailings reservoir is built on the Baichong River, which is less than 500 meters above the mine office living area. It was completed and put into operation in March 2008. run. According to reports, considering the safety of the tailings pond, when constructing the tailings pond, the Baichong River, which was originally run by the mountains, was diverted to the other side of the tailings pond.
The author has seen that this safe running signboard shows that the tailings storage with a total storage capacity of 346,000 cubic meters and a total dam height of 28 meters has been basically filled. Shi Guozhen said that in the past two years, the company has been trying to re-locate the tailings pond, but it has not been successful. According to the relevant requirements of the environmental protection and safety supervision departments, this tailings pond must be closed this year. If you don't want other solutions to the tailings problem, mining production will not continue.
Located in Dongchuan Mine in Dongchuan District of Kunming City, it is rich in copper resources. It was not until September 2007 that the Dongchuan Mine began construction of the first tailings pond. In recent years, although Dongchuan District has invested heavily in the construction of tailings ponds and adopted strong measures to strengthen environmental supervision, relevant enterprises have also actively contributed to actively participate, but it is difficult to solve the problem fundamentally, and environmental safety problems caused by tailings. It has always been a major obstacle to the failure of Dongchuan District.
Dongchuan District, located in the town because the people because the people of the Sands company, mainly engaged in copper, iron ore mining, copper concentrate production of 4,000 tons. Since 2008, the company has completed a tailings pond with a capacity of 2.26 million cubic meters of storage and storage, and gradually improved and perfected the “Tail Mine Reservoir Management Regulations†and “Special Emergency Plan for Tailings Reservoir†and implemented them strictly. The ecological environment of the mining area Gradually improve.
Despite this, due to the large amount of tailings and the continuous increase, Jinsha Yinmin Company failed to avoid being forced to stop production due to the completion of the first phase of the tailings pond. Limited by the geographical environment, in the second phase of the construction of the tailings pond, the company's relevant person in charge is also a headache.
Qian Guihua, deputy general manager of Jinsha Yinmin Company, said to the author with emotion: "With the mining industry continuing to slump and the environmental safety requirements are getting higher and higher, continue to build tailings ponds to treat tailings, facing capital, land acquisition, Multiple pressures such as technology, operation and maintenance, and environmental safety supervision. To solve the problem of emissions of a large number of tailings in normal production, we must find another way."
Is domestic filling mining technology easy to use?
In recent years, although some mining enterprises in China have adopted filling mining technology, the promotion and application of domestic high-performance filling equipment has faltered. Among the many mining and selection enterprises in Yunnan Province, only Baoshan Feilong Company and Jinsha Yinmin Company adopt domestically produced technical equipment, and have completed the construction of a high-concentration cementation filling station for full tailings. In the process, both companies have gone a lot of detours.
The author understands that due to objective conditions, the suitable conditions for the construction of new tailings ponds are lacking in the vicinity of the concentrating plants of Baoshan Feilong Company and Jinsha Yinmin Company. In recent years, in order to seek survival and development, both companies have gradually focused their attention on filling mining technology, hoping to find a way out.
According to reports, in the process of continuous development of mining, the environmental safety problems caused by the use of filling and mining methods to control tailings have been widely recognized by domestic and foreign industries. At present, the related technology is also mature. Feiyi Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Feiyi Co., Ltd.) located in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province has achieved breakthroughs in the research and development of high-performance filling equipment, breaking the long-term dependence of foreign equipment on filling equipment.
Shi Guozhen told the author that he had also learned about filling mining technology before, and some mining companies in Yunnan Province have spent huge sums of money to purchase such technical equipment from abroad. However, due to the inconvenient price of imported equipment, complicated process, maintenance and replacement of parts, it will increase mining costs to a certain extent and affect company decision-making. “Until the first half of 2014, after full inspection, we decided to purchase domestic technology equipment,†he said.
Shi Guozhen calculated an account, even if he found the appropriate address of the new Walnut Ping lead-zinc mine tailings pond, he can pass strict examination and approval, but in the case of high land acquisition and construction costs, it is conservatively estimated that only 30 million yuan will be needed for construction costs. Left and right (excluding land acquisition, maintenance, etc.). Moreover, the construction of the tailings pond is long from the site selection and design to the completion and commissioning.
“With the full tail sand high-concentration cementing filling technology and complete equipment of Feiyi Co., the design scale is 40,000 cubic meters of dry tailings and annual filling end sand (78% concentration of full tail mortar). Material) 75,500 cubic meters of filling station, covering an area of ​​only 490 square meters (original tailings pond covers an area of ​​40,939 square meters), engineering construction investment of 8,244,100 yuan." Shi Guozhen said.
Shi Guozhen also introduced that in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the filling work, Baoshan Feilong Company dispatched 12 employees to form a team, and Feiyi was responsible for operational training. Since the completion of the trial operation of Baoshan Feilong Company's tailings filling station on September 12 this year, the equipment has been running stably, and various technical indicators have met the design requirements. The tailings are filled with 350 cubic meters per day. It has been estimated that the tailings are used to treat tailings in a tailings pond. The cost is about 20 yuan/ton. Now the cement tailing technology is used to treat tailings. The estimated cost is 13 yuan/m3~15 yuan/m3.
The author learned from a document provided by Baoshan Feilong Company that there are a large number of goafs under the walnut flat lead-zinc mine for backfilling, only between the levels of 2053m and 2152m in the 27~45 exploration line, including scrapping tunnels. There is about 18,000 cubic meters of exposure space in the goaf, which can be filled for 6 years according to the filling capacity of 30,000 cubic meters of tailings per year.
Shi Guozhen said that since the completion of the filling station, the company has a more reliable guarantee on environmental safety issues, and has received strong support from the government's environmental protection department.
Xue Zhong, deputy director of the Baoshan Environmental Protection Bureau, said that in order to provide demonstrations for the disposal of tailings in the future, Baoshan Feilong's implementation plan for deepening the lead-zinc tailings treatment project has been listed as a national plan for heavy metal pollution control projects, applying for a national fund of 4 million yuan.
The most critical to avoid secondary pollution
In the same way, the full-tailed sand high-concentration cementing filling technology and complete sets of equipment of Feisha Co., Ltd. are used for the Jinsha Yinmin Company filling station, which has a larger scale and more investment. It is more difficult to construct due to the limited working surface of the land, but the same operation. good.
It is understood that Jinsha Investor Company's investment station investment of 23.455 million yuan, the project covers an area of ​​1,000 square meters, the processing scale is the largest daily processing of 2,500 tons of tailings, filling distance of 2 km ~ 3 km.
Qian Guihua, deputy general manager of Jinsha Yinmin Company, said that in order to solve the problem of tailings, the company also inspected the filling technology at home and abroad two years ago, and repeatedly compared it, and finally chose the technology and complete equipment of Feiyi. Considering the fact that the company's mines are put into production and operation for a long time, the proportion of fine tailings in tailings is high, the daily processing capacity of tailings is large, the transportation distance is long, the filling pipeline is difficult to lay, and the filling system construction site is small, etc. When designing the filling system, take these factors into consideration and develop an optimization plan.
It is reported that the Jinsha Incheon Company filling station started construction in July this year, and the first phase of the project completed and put into operation in early October has invested 18 million yuan. The second phase of the basic project has been completed. It is estimated that compared with the introduction of foreign equipment, the filling station with the technology and complete equipment construction of Feiyi Co., Ltd. can save investment cost of about 10 million yuan.
In addition, Jinsha Yinmin Company's tailings filling project not only covers a small area, but also shortens the transportation distance. The cost of tailings filling is about 16.75 yuan/ton lower than that of dry piles, which reduces the project operating cost to a certain extent.
In the interview, the author and the environmental protection department personnel are very concerned about whether there is secondary pollution in filling mining. In this regard, the relevant person in charge of Feiyi Co., Ltd. stated that the mine filling system is a mining method that fills the ground tailings into the underground goaf, and does not cause secondary pollution for the filling of the tailings of the metal mine. He explained that in the disposal of solid waste, the whole tailings enter the underground goaf through filling, avoiding the accumulation of the whole tailings and discharging to the tailings reservoir, avoiding the pollution of surface water; filling the cement by adding cement and other cement materials. The whole tailings slurry in the underground goaf basically does not secrete water, does not segregate, does not settle, has a certain strength after solidification, not only plays a supporting role, but also makes the heavy metal toxic and harmful substances in the whole tailings solidify in the solid body form in the filling body. In the middle, the cement is sealed in the goaf and has the characteristics of no migration and no segregation.
"According to different characteristics of full tailings, the addition of admixtures to treat the heavy metals in the tailings, which are soluble in water, has toxic ions, making the whole tailings filled with non-toxic and harmless properties, reducing the total tailings to the soil. , surface water, groundwater and underground pollution," he said.
For the treatment of wastewater, the high-concentration filling of the whole tailings is carried out by using a deep cone paste thickener as a concentration device . After concentration, the solid content of the overflow water is below 300 ppm, which can be returned to the plant for further use, thereby achieving zero discharge effect of wastewater recycling. It can effectively reduce the impact of polluting wastewater on the mine environment and pollution.
In the prevention of atmospheric pollution, through the high concentration of full tailings filling, the ultrafine particle tailings are transported to the underground for solidification to avoid atmospheric pollution caused by ground dust.
According to Cui Xiwen, the assistant to the chairman of Feiyi Co., after several years of research and innovation, the company has formed a total tailings high with the core of “stirring system, preparation system, pumping system, pipeline transportation system and central integrated control systemâ€. Concentration cementation filling technology and complete sets of environmental protection equipment. At present, Feiyi's technology and complete sets of environmental protection equipment have completed the construction of more than 70 mine filling systems in Shanxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Shandong, Guangdong and Yunnan. In addition, a number of mine filling systems, such as Hebei, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, are under construction and will soon be put into operation.
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